Pipelined BFT
Optimisation in which the phases of a multi-phase BFT consensus protocol overlap across consecutive blocks: while block b_v is in its prepare phase, block b_{v-1} is in pre-commit and b_{v-2} is in commit. Chained HotStuff is the canonical example — each leader proposal serves three phases for three different blocks, achieving one commit per leader rotation. The pipelining requires careful safety arguments because rollback in one block can cascade; HotStuff’s three-chain commit structure makes the argument tractable.